International Relation East-Asian Essay Example for Free

International Relation East-Asian Essay In the past century, substantial changes have taken place in the international arena especially when it comes to the relation among state. The end of the Cold War had given way for the United States of America to achieve supreme power and authority as compared with other states in the world when it comes to its influence over international relation. In line with this, it cannot be prevented that the authority and influence of the United States have a large impact on other countries, especially Asian states. Being the case, it is essential that international relation is given due consideration and importance, especially in terms of the relation of the United States with Asian countries. The work of Ikenberry and Kang discusses international relation in terms of the respective power of the United States and Asian countries and the way by which power affects relations among states. Ikenberry argued that in studying international relations it is necessary that power, in the form of material capabilities is given importance. He asserted that the power disparities among states are one of the causes that generate security and insecurity, which also has an influence â€Å"on what states want and what they can get† (Ikenberry, 2003, p. 24). The main concern of the article written by Ikenberry is the issue concerning the way by which unipolar international order varies from a bipolar or multipolar order in terms of characteristics and functions. Specifically, he studied the shift from the bipolar system during the Cold War to the present day American-centered unipolar system. Moreover, Ikenberry also identifies the changes that characterized the behavior of states as well as international rule and order (2003). Ikenberry concluded that the unipolarity of the international system is attributed to the power of the United States, especially in terms of material capabilities. The United States has a large influence in the foreign policy and international outcomes that affects other states, especially those in Asia. As such, Ikenberry suggested that the patterns of foreign policy and events in the international arena can be better discerned if unipolarity will give way to bipolarity or multipolarity. In another view, Asia is seen as one of the most important continent in the international community. Thus, it is important for the international community to have good relations with different kinds of states in Asia most especially with China. Provided that China is the largest country in Asia, its power and influence is undeniably strong. More so, there is a need for the United States to have strong relations with China. In the article provided by David Kang, he pronounces that the Chinese power is the most important authority in Asia. He stated that â€Å"Chinese weakness had led to the chaos in Asia. When China is strong and stable, order has been preserved. The picture of Asia that emerges is one in which China, by virtue of geography and power as the central player in Asia (Kang, 2003, p. 182). † Therefore, the hierarchy of China is a vital issue with the relationship of the west with Asia. It is also mentioned that the course of development of China shall be the progress of whole continent. Thus, it is the leader for development among any other states in the region. In addition to this, it is pointed by Kang that there is a huge importance with the hierarchic position with the Asian super power. Through the relationship of different entities and the possible hierarchy of China, there is a great possibility that changes will be present in the whole international community. In the discussion of Kang, he strongly mentioned that the changes are not necessarily positive for the whole international community. More so, the influence and power of China will result to much negative results. On the other hand, it is given attention that there is a worry with the progress of Asia. Provided that the past European continent was conflictual it is also assumed that China together with other Asian countries shall have the similar experience as Europe. However, in the perspective of Kang, as China and Asia are leaning to a much peaceful community, peace shall also be attained. In conclusion, the context of hierarchy is important in the international community. Both authors have the different perspectives regarding hierarchy. More so, Ikenberry presents that international order is reliant to the hierarchy present in the international community. On the other hand, Kang states that the influence of China is important with the order of the international community. Through the order of China and Asia in general, there will be peace in the relationship of the whole global community. Therefore, the authors have laid various kinds of arguments that revolve with the importance of hierarchy in the global community.

Atlas :: essays research papers

Atlas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Greek Mythology, the Titans were a race of giants. Atlas was the strongest of all the titans. His father was titan Iapetus and his mother was the Sea Nymph Clymene. His brothers were Prometheus and Cronus. Atlas was the father of the Hesperides (Daughters of the Evening,) the Hyades, and the Pleiades. He was also the king of the legendary Atlantis. In etymology Atlas means “bearer'; or “endurer.'; An image of Atlas is a person with the world on his back. Also a book of maps is called an atlas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Atlas played a major part in Greek Mythology. He was in the war with Titans against the gods (Olympians.) Atlas partnered with his brother Cronus in the war against Zeus. Atlas stormed the heavens and Zeus punished him. His punishment was to carry the earth, the heavens and the pillar that separates them on his back/shoulders for eternity. This punishment is Atlas’s role in The Odyssey. Hercules became involved with Atlas. Eurystheus, Hercules cousin, challenged Hercules to twelve Labors. The eleventh Labor was to retrieve the golden apples of the Hesperides. Hercules asked Atlas to help him obtain the Golden Apples. In return for Atlas’s help, Hercules took his burden from him while he retrieved the apples. Atlas agreed to Hercules’ proposal. Atlas secured the apples and realized how nice it was not to have the strain of keeping heaven and earth apart for eternity. Hercules deceived Atlas when he returned with the apples. Hercules told Atlas tha t he needed a cushion for his shoulders and asked Atlas to take back the earth momentarily while he can got pads. Atlas agreed and Hercules left never to return. Another part played in Greek Mythology was when Atlas refused to provide shelter to Perseus. Perseus changed Atlas into stone using Medusa. The huge stone is called Mount Atlas.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Atlas has a very distinct appearance. In art, Atlas is depicted as a man bearing a globe. He was strong and well built. His hair was shoulder length and he had a beard and mostache. He was usually depicted kneeling on one knee holding the world on his shoulders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Atlas had two main values. These values were his strength and his physical endurance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main reference to Atlas in the modern world is a book of maps. A book of maps or an atlas is named after Atlas. A figure of Atlas supporting the earth was used in the title pages of early map collections.

Analysis of Acid by Titration with Sodium Hydroxide

Stephanie Thao Chemistry 1151 Laboratory Analysis of acid by titration with sodium hydroxide Ms. Hoang November 2012 Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate an example of how to determine the unknown molarity of hydrochloric acid by titration with a base (sodium hydroxide). Titration is a common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the unknown concentration of an identified analyte (wekipedia). The first step will be measuring and combining water and acid (Hydrochloric acid).An indicator anthocyanin will be added to the solution to change the color to pink. Anthocyanin is a water-soluble vacuolar pigment that may appear red, purple, or blue depending on the pH (Wikipedia). This pink color acts as a pH meter and will show a change in color to represent a change in the pH. As the base (sodium hydroxide) is added, the solution will then change color (this is referred to as the â€Å"stoichiometric end point†). This c olor change represents the increase of pH, as well as showing that the moles of the acid in the solution are equal to the moles of the base (Survey of Chemistry lab manual).Using a dilution equation of M1xV1=M2xV2, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid can be calculated. M1=NaOH(molarity), V1=NaOH(volume), M2=HCl(molarity), V2=HCl(volume). Procedure: Instructions for laboratory were found on page 91 of Survey of Chemistry lab manual. All calculations were rounded off by 2 decimal places for accuracy. Preparation of the indicator required a combination of 50 grams of cabbage with 50ml of ethanol and 20mL of DI water to extract the anthocyanin indicator. This procedure was completed by the instructor and the anthocyanin indicator (â€Å"cabbage extract†) was provided.Then 10mL of hydrochloric acid and 20mL in of deionized water were measured in a graduated cylinder and combined into an Erlenmeyer flask. Pipette 5 to 10 drops of anthocyanin indicator was added to the soluti on in Erlenmeyer flask until the solution change to a pink color. Then the solution was titrated with sodium hydroxide until the solution changed color from pink to blue. The titration of the acid was repeated in three trials. All data and calculations were recorded. Data Tables: Solution Table Acid Bottle Code: #9| Trial # 1| Trial #2| Trial #3| Final buret reading acid (mL)| 9. 1| 9. 2| 10. 10| Volume of acid used (mL)| 9. | 9. 2| 10. 10| Final buret reading NaOH (mL)| 26. 30| 44. 70| 45. 50| Initial buret reading NaOH (mL)| 7. 91| 26. 30| 26. 50| Volume of NaOH (mL)| 18. 39| 18. 40| 19. 00| Concentration of NaOH (M)| 0. 1| 0. 1| 0. 1| Molarity of the acid (HCl)| 0. 202M| 0. 199M| 0. 182M| Ratio of volume of NaOH used (mL) to volume of acid used (mL)| | | | Calculations: As previously stated in introduction, formula M1xV1=M2xV2 found on page 93 of Survey of Chemistry laboratory manual was used to calculate the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Trial 1 M1 = 0. 1 (NaOH) V1 = 18. 39mL (NaOH) M2=Unknown (HCl) V2=9. mL (HCl) 0. 1 x 18. 39 = M2 x 9. 1 1. 839/9. 1 = M2 M2 = 0. 202M Trial 2 M1 = 0. 1 (NaOH) V1 = 18. 40mL (NaOH) M2=Unknown (HCl) V2=9. 2mL (HCl) 0. 1 x 18. 40 = M2 x 9. 2 1. 839/9. 2 = M2 M2 = 0. 199M Trial 3 M1 = 0. 1 (NaOH) V1 = 19. 00mL (NaOH) M2=Unknown (HCl) V2=10. 10mL (HCl) 0. 1 x 18. 39=M2 x 10. 10 1. 839/10. 10 = M2 M2 = 0. 182M Average of acid 0. 202 + 0. 199 + 0. 182/3 = 0. 194M = M average Discussion and conclusion: This lab was successful in the proper color change needed to represent an end point when acid (hydrochloric acid) and indicator anthocyanin is titrated with a base (sodium hydroxide).As stated in the lab manual anthocyanin will go from a color of pink to blue, a pH of seven to eight, where the blue is an indication that acid has been neutralized by the base (Survey of Chemistry lab manual). During this experiment after adding enough sodium hydroxide to the indicator solution; the solution changed color to blue, an indica tion of the stoichiometric end point. All three trials showed the proper color change. This proved that the color change indicated that the pH level had changed in solution and the amount of base added is chemically equivalent to the acid in the flask.The formula M1xV1=M2xV2 was used to calculate the unknown concentration of hydrochloric acid. The results from the trials showed that the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 0. 2M. The concentration of the two acids should be relatively close in order to cancel each other out. It was complicated to compare the two concentrations since the given molarity of sodium hydroxide is in the one decimal place holder, whereas the calculated concentration for hydrochloric acid is in a two decimal place. From the lab it can be concluded that pH indicators can be an imprecise method to calculate the concentration of an unknown concentration.Critical Thinking Questions 1. Trial 1 M1 = 0. 1 (NaOH) V1 = 18. 39mL (NaOH) M2=Unknown (HCl) V2=9. 1mL (H Cl) 0. 1 x 18. 39 = M2 x 9. 1 1. 839/9. 1 = M2 M2 = 0. 202M Trial 2 M1 = 0. 1 (NaOH) V1 = 18. 40mL (NaOH) M2=Unknown (HCl) V2=9. 2mL (HCl) 0. 1 x 18. 40 = M2 x 9. 2 1. 839/9. 2 = M2 M2 = 0. 199M Trial 3 M1 = 0. 1 (NaOH) V1 = 19. 00mL (NaOH) M2=Unknown (HCl) V2=10. 10mL (HCl) 0. 1 x 18. 39=M2 x 9. 1 1. 839/10. 10 = M2 M2 = 0. 182M 2. 0. 202 + 0. 199 + 0. 182/3 = 0. 194 = M average 3. 0. 08233 – 0. 194 x 100/0. 08233 = 135. 63 percentage error 4.The main concept of this lab was to calculate the unknown molarity of an acid through titration. 5. Some of the experiment performed was to determine the concentration of an unknown concentration of an acid through titration by adding a second known concentration acid that will react with and cancel the first one. The endpoint of the titration will allows you to calculate the original concentration. 6. The dilution equation of M1xV1=M2xV2 was required to solve for the molarity of the hydrochloric acid where M1=NaOH(molarity), V1=NaOH(vo lume), M2=HCl(molarity), V2=HCl(volume). . The lab was successful in the properly changing color to represent a stoichiometric end point through titration. The dilution equation was then used to calculate the unknown molarity of one of the acid. The calculated results weren’t easily compared due to their decimal placing. References: Survey of Chemistry lab manual, â€Å"Chem 1151 Laboratory Experiments 3rd edition 2011-2012† http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Anthocyanin http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Titration http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Endpoint_%28chemistry%29

The Bible and Archeology The Petra Great Temple Free Essay Example, 1750 words

The Great Temple owes some of its design from the Hellenistic influences, but Joukawsky believes there is a distinction of style from the Nabataeans. A horned alter and several betyls (stones that are said to house the essence of a deity) can be found within the structure, indicating the nature of the use of the building. Underneath the Great Temple is a series of canals, most likely used to bring water into the city. These have been discovered through the use of ground penetrating radar techniques and further excavation. This leads to the conclusion that the center alter was removed by Bedouins who used this for their own cultivation in later centuries. Discoveries of fresco on the walls, multiple carved relief areas, and techniques of in-situ decorative plaster include a wall with a purple border surrounding a red wall. Despite some of the assumptions that Petra has traditions within the Old Testament, some of the work within the Great Temple dates only to 100 C. E. The Greek godd ess, Tyche-Fortuna is the patron goddess of the city and a series of reliefs of her can be found that are done in coloration of either yellow and white or red and white. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bible and Archeology: The Petra Great Temple or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The purpose of the elephant motif is not clear, but the beauty of the work is unquestionable. The purpose of the Great Temple has yet to be discovered. While assumptions can be made about which gods and goddesses were worshipped by the users of the building, the actual rites and traditions have no clear foundation. There is no lack of artifacts or preserved sections of the Temple.